NCERT Formulas Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Life Processes

🍃 Photosynthesis (Autotrophic Nutrition)

The process by which green plants prepare food using CO₂, H₂O, and Sunlight in the presence of Chlorophyll.

↔ Swipe to view long equation

$$6CO_2 + 12H_2O \xrightarrow[\text{Chlorophyll}]{\text{Sunlight}} C_6H_{12}O_6 (\text{Glucose}) + 6H_2O + 6O_2$$

⚡ Breakdown of Glucose (Respiration)

Glucose (6-carbon molecule) is first broken down into Pyruvate (3-carbon molecule) in the Cytoplasm.

1. Aerobic (Presence of O₂): In Mitochondria

$$\text{Pyruvate} \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy (38 ATP)}$$

2. Anaerobic (Absence of O₂ in Yeast):

$$\text{Pyruvate} \rightarrow \text{Ethanol} + CO_2 + \text{Energy (2 ATP)}$$

3. Lack of O₂ (In Muscle Cells):

$$\text{Pyruvate} \rightarrow \text{Lactic Acid} + \text{Energy}$$

❤️ Heart & Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is measured using a Sphygmomanometer. Normal values are:

Systolic Pressure: $120 \text{ mm of Hg}$ (Ventricular contraction)

Diastolic Pressure: $80 \text{ mm of Hg}$ (Ventricular relaxation)

[Image of the human heart showing blood flow]

🧪 Filtration and Reabsorption

The functional unit of the kidney is the Nephron. The basic filtration process follows this logic:

$$\text{Urine Formed} = (\text{Glomerular Filtrate} – \text{Selective Reabsorption}) + \text{Tubular Secretion}$$

[Image of structure of a nephron]

🪵 Xylem and Phloem Functions

Key mechanisms for transport of water and food:

1. Ascent of Sap: Transpirational Pull + Root Pressure

2. Translocation: Movement of Soluble products (Sucrose) via Phloem using ATP energy.