NCERT Formulas Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Control and Coordination

🧠 Electrical Impulse Transmission

The flow of information through a neuron follows a specific directional pathway.

↔ Swipe to view long pathway

$$\text{Dendrite} \rightarrow \text{Cell Body} \rightarrow \text{Axon} \rightarrow \text{Axonal Endings} \xrightarrow{\text{Synapse}} \text{Next Neuron}$$

⚡ The Reflex Arc

The pathway taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action, bypassing the brain for an immediate response.

$$\text{Stimulus} \rightarrow \text{Receptor} \rightarrow \text{Sensory Neuron} \rightarrow \text{Spinal Cord} \rightarrow \text{Motor Neuron} \rightarrow \text{Effector} \rightarrow \text{Response}$$

🧩 Human Brain Organization

The human brain is functionally divided into three main regions:

1. Fore-brain (Cerebrum): Thinking, memory, sensory interpretation.

2. Mid-brain: Visual and auditory reflex movements.

3. Hind-brain:
• Cerebellum: Posture and balance.
• Medulla: Involuntary actions (BP, vomiting).
• Pons: Respiration regulation.

🌱 Plant Growth Regulators

Growth depends on the concentration and balance of these chemical messengers.

Growth Promoters:

$$\text{Auxin (Cell Elongation)} + \text{Gibberellin (Stem Growth)} + \text{Cytokinin (Cell Division)}$$

Growth Inhibitor:

$$\text{Abscisic Acid (Wilting of leaves, stress hormone)}$$

🩸 Endocrine Glands and Hormones

Hormonal coordination depends on the **Feedback Mechanism** to regulate levels in the blood.

Thyroxin: Regulates Carbs, Protein, and Fat metabolism (requires Iodine).

Adrenaline: Prepared for ‘Fight or Flight’ (increased HR and breathing).

Insulin: Produced by Pancreas to lower blood glucose levels.

Growth Hormone: Secreted by Pituitary gland to regulate development.