NCERT Class 10 Maths – Exercise 2.4 Solutions

NCERT Class 10 Maths

Chapter 2 – Polynomials | Exercise 2.4 (Optional)

Q1

If the zeroes of polynomial $x^3 – 3x^2 + x + 1$ are $a – b$, $a$, $a + b$, find $a$ and $b$.

Step 1: Identify Coefficients and Zeroes
Let the polynomial be $p(x) = x^3 – 3x^2 + x + 1$.
Comparing with $Ax^3 + Bx^2 + Cx + D$:
$$A = 1, \quad B = -3, \quad C = 1, \quad D = 1$$
Given zeroes: $\alpha = a – b$, $\beta = a$, $\gamma = a + b$.
Step 2: Use Sum of Zeroes
Sum of zeroes ($\alpha + \beta + \gamma$) = $-\frac{B}{A}$
$$(a – b) + a + (a + b) = -\frac{-3}{1}$$
$$3a = 3 \implies a = 1$$
Step 3: Use Product of Zeroes
Product of zeroes ($\alpha \beta \gamma$) = $-\frac{D}{A}$
$$(a – b)(a)(a + b) = -\frac{1}{1}$$
$$a(a^2 – b^2) = -1$$
Substitute $a = 1$:
$$1(1^2 – b^2) = -1 \implies 1 – b^2 = -1$$
$$b^2 = 2 \implies b = \pm \sqrt{2}$$
✔️ $a = 1$ and $b = \pm \sqrt{2}$
Q2

If two zeroes of the polynomial $x^4 – 6x^3 – 26x^2 + 138x – 35$ are $2 \pm \sqrt{3}$, find other zeroes.

Step 1: Form the Divisor
Since $2 + \sqrt{3}$ and $2 – \sqrt{3}$ are zeroes:
$$(x – (2 + \sqrt{3}))(x – (2 – \sqrt{3})) = ((x – 2) – \sqrt{3})((x – 2) + \sqrt{3})$$
$$= (x – 2)^2 – (\sqrt{3})^2 = x^2 – 4x + 4 – 3 = x^2 – 4x + 1$$
So, $x^2 – 4x + 1$ is a factor.
Step 2: Long Division
x² – 2x – 35 ___________________________ x²-4x+1 | x⁴ – 6x³ – 26x² + 138x – 35 x⁴ – 4x³ + x² ___________________________ – 2x³ – 27x² + 138x – 2x³ + 8x² – 2x ___________________________ – 35x² + 140x – 35 – 35x² + 140x – 35 ___________________________ 0
Step 3: Factorize the Quotient
We need to find zeroes of the quotient $x^2 – 2x – 35$.
$$x^2 – 7x + 5x – 35 = 0$$
$$x(x – 7) + 5(x – 7) = 0$$
$$(x – 7)(x + 5) = 0$$
So, $x = 7$ or $x = -5$.
✔️ The other zeroes are $7$ and $-5$.
Q3

If the polynomial $x^4 – 6x^3 + 16x^2 – 25x + 10$ is divided by another polynomial $x^2 – 2x + k$, the remainder comes out to be $x + a$, find $k$ and $a$.

Step 1: Perform Long Division
Divide $p(x)$ by $x^2 – 2x + k$.
x² – 4x + (8 – k) ______________________________________ x²-2x+k | x⁴ – 6x³ + 16x² – 25x + 10 x⁴ – 2x³ + kx² ______________________________________ – 4x³ + (16-k)x² – 25x – 4x³ + 8x² – 4kx ______________________________________ (8-k)x² + (4k-25)x + 10 (8-k)x² – 2(8-k)x + k(8-k) ______________________________________ (2k-9)x + (10 – 8k + k²)
Step 2: Equate Remainder Coefficients
The calculated remainder is $(2k – 9)x + (10 – 8k + k^2)$.
The given remainder is $x + a$ (which means coefficient of $x$ is 1, and constant term is $a$).
Comparing coefficient of $x$:
$$2k – 9 = 1 \implies 2k = 10 \implies k = 5$$
Comparing constant terms:
$$10 – 8k + k^2 = a$$
Step 3: Solve for a
Substitute $k = 5$ into the constant term equation:
$$a = 10 – 8(5) + (5)^2$$
$$a = 10 – 40 + 25$$
$$a = -5$$
✔️ $k = 5$ and $a = -5$
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